Zoology

After a general overview of the phylum Cnidaria with their bilayered structure and two Characteristic life forms, polyp (sessile) and medusa (mobile), the Anthozoa, which comprise their own class, ... read more

One classic example of Goethe's principle of compensation are the galliformes. The luxurious splendour of the males’ plumage, for example the capercaillie, golden pheasant and peacock, has to be... read more

Each year, some 50 billion migratory birds fly from their breeding grounds to their winter quarters, some of these being far away. Today, we know both the flyways taken by many types of bird and th... read more

The constructions of bower birds — remarks on the principle of compensation

The bowerbirds of New Guinea and Australia build laborious bowers and decorate the courtship sites around the... read more

The metamorphosis of antler forms

Among the many forms of antlers there is a formative law that is common to them all, an 'archetype' in the Goethean sense. Firstly, this 'archetypal antl... read more

Reflections on the formative biology of bee swarms

Throughout their entire life cycle, honey bees are closely connected to their environment and receive important shaping stimuli from th... read more

From symbiosis to brood parasitism Part I: From the life of the cuckoo

Using the cuckoo family as an example, this article shows that likening the cuckoo to a brood parasite is not genera... read more