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Philosophy of science has shown that research programs in the sense of paradigms are not only shaped by facts, but also by certain ways of thinking and forms of explanation, even by world views. Throughout the history of science repeatedly alternative research programs existed simultaneously for some time and competed with one another until… Read More

One classic example of Goethe's principle of compensation are the galliformes. The luxurious splendour of the males’ plumage, for example the capercaillie, golden pheasant and peacock, has to be seen in close relation to the increasingly elaborate courtship behaviour and the decreasing participation in caring for the offspring. However, it is… Read More

For the hyperbolic measure George Adams introduced the term growth measure. This name suggests that we can find the growth measure in growth processes in nature. In the present paper we show that the hyperbolic measure or growth measure can in fact be found in the distances between the knots of horsetail (Equisetum arvense). An approximation… Read More

Each year, some 50 billion migratory birds fly from their breeding grounds to their winter quarters, some of these being far away. Today, we know both the flyways taken by many types of bird and that migratory birds possess a celestial and a magnet compass. Furthermore, evidence is available to prove that any migratory bird, provided it has… Read More

Today there are descriptions of more than 20,000 species of bees worldwide. Among them is the honeybee, by far the best known of all. Whilst there has been much research and many publications on the biology of the honeybee, very little is known to date about the other wild bees. When we try to gain an overview of the variety of forms of all… Read More

Modern genome sequencings have shown that the one-sided view we have taken so far that viruses are parasitic, pathogenic toxic entities needs to be fundamentally corrected. From the perspective of systems science, the viruses as a whole (virosphere) serve as the conveying medium of a global, genetic communication between organisms. The genomes… Read More

First, the question is raised on the relationship between goetheanistic science and anthroposophy. There is an extraordinary multiplicity in Rudolf Steiner’s use of the term Goetheanism in his complete oeuvre, obviously depending on the perspective. We should also distinguish between Goethean Science as Goethe’s own research, and the… Read More